模拟登陆微博相对来说，并不难。验证码是常规的5个随机数字字母的组合，识别起来也比较容易。主要是用到许多Selenium中的知识，如定位标签、输入信息、点击等。
破解微博登陆的思路：
（1）使用webdriver打开微博网页；
（2）输入用户名和密码，点击登录；
（3）对第二步的结果进行判断
情况一：用户名或者密码错误
情况二：登录成功
情况三：出现验证码图片，需识别
情况四：其他错误
（4）本例中增加了登录成功后获得cookies的情况
import requests
from requests import RequestException
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException, TimeoutException
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from chaojiying import Chaojiying
# 超级鹰用户名、密码、软件ID、
CHAOJIYING_USERNAME =
CHAOJIYING_PASSWORD =
CHAOJIYING_SOFT_ID =
CHAOJIYING_KIND = 1006
class LoginWeibo():
def __init__(self, username, password):
self.url = 'https://www.weibo.com'
self.browser = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='D:\download\pythonRelated\chromedriver.exe')
self.wait = WebDriverWait(self.browser, 20)
self.username = username
self.password = password
self.chaojiying = Chaojiying(CHAOJIYING_USERNAME, CHAOJIYING_PASSWORD, CHAOJIYING_SOFT_ID)
# def __del__(self):
# self.browser.close()
def open(self):
"""
打开网页输入用户名密码
:return: None
"""
self.browser.get(self.url)
username = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'loginname')))
password = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.NAME, 'password')))
username.send_keys(self.username)
password.send_keys(self.password)
def get_click_button(self):
'''
找到登录按钮
:return:
'''
'''
'''
button = self.wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CLASS_NAME, 'W_btn_a')))
return button
def login_successfully(self):
"""
判断登陆是否成功
:return:
"""
'''
登录成功才能看到
I
'''
try:
return bool(
WebDriverWait(self.browser, 5).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.ficon_mail')))
)
except TimeoutException:
return False
def get_click_image(self, name='captcha.png'):
"""
获取验证码图片
:param name:
:return: 图片对象
"""
try:
'''
'''
element = self.wait.until(
EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, '//img[@action-type="btn_change_verifycode"]')))
image_url = element.get_attribute('src')
image = get_html(image_url).content
with open(name, 'wb') as f:
f.write(image)
return image
except NoSuchElementException:
print('')
return None
def password_error(self):
"""
判断是否密码错误
:return:
"""
try:
element = WebDriverWait(self.browser, 5).until(
EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, '//div[@class="W_layer W_layer_pop"]/div/p/span[2]')))
print(element.text)
if element.text == '用户名或密码错误。':
return True
except TimeoutException:
return False
def get_cookies(self):
"""
获取Cookies
:return:
"""
print(self.browser.get_cookies())
return self.browser.get_cookies()
def login(self):
# 1. 打开网址 输入用户名和密码
self.open()
# 2. 点击登录按钮
button = self.get_click_button()
button.click()
if self.password_error():
print('用户名或密码错误')
return {
'status': 2,
'content': '用户名或密码错误'
}
if self.login_successfully():
print('登录成功')
# 获取帐号对应的cookies
cookies = self.get_cookies()
return {
'status': 1,
'content': cookies
}
else: # 有时会需要验证码
# 获取验证码图片
image = self.get_click_image()
# 识别验证码
result = self.chaojiying.post_pic(image, CHAOJIYING_KIND)
print(result)
# 输入验证码
'''
'''
verifycode = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.NAME, 'verifycode')))
verifycode.send_keys(result['pic_str'])
# 点击登录按钮
button = self.get_click_button()
button.click()
if self.login_successfully():
print('登录成功')
# 获取帐号对应的cookies
cookies = self.get_cookies()
return {
'status': 1,
'content': cookies
}
else:
self.chaojiying.report_error(result['pic_id'])
self.login()
# return {
# 'status': 3,
# 'content': '登录失败'
# }
def get_html(url):
try:
# 添加User-Agent，放在headers中，伪装成浏览器
headers = {
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.100 Safari/537.36'
}
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
if response.status_code == 200:
response.encoding = response.apparent_encoding
return response
return None
except RequestException:
return None
if __name__ == '__main__':
result = LoginWeibo('username', 'password').login()
本篇博文仅供学习交流相关的爬虫知识，请勿过度使用，如有任何纠纷，与本人无关。（瑟瑟发抖）